Kei fiemaʻu ke hoko atu liliu fakapolitikale?
Faʻu ʻe Tevita Motulalo
Kuo toe fokotuʻu mai ki he Fale Aleá ke fakafoki hake ʻa e Liliu Fakapolitikalé mo e Kaveinga Fakapolitikalé ke muʻomuʻa kae holomui hifo ʻa e Fakalakalaká mo e langa ki muʻa e ngaahi maʻuʻanga moʻui ʻa e ngaahi fāmili Tongá. Naʻe toki fakahū atu ʻi he ngaahi uike ne toki ʻosí ha ngaahi Tohi Tangi ki he Fale Aleá fekauʻaki mo e Liliu Fakapolitikalé he faʻunga e Puleʻangá.
Ko e taha e Tohi Tangí naʻe fakahū ia mei he fahaʻi PTOA ke ʻoange ʻa e lakanga Palēmiá ke fili hangatonu ʻe he Kakaí, pea naʻe ʻikai ke tali eni he lolotongá ni. Ko e taumuʻa ʻo e Tangí tokua ko e teke ai pē ki he Temokalatí.
Ko e Tohi Tangi hono hokó ʻoku hangē pē ia ha tali hangatonu ki he ʻuluaki Tohi Tangí, ka ke toe fakafoki kotoa e ngaahi liliu kuo fakahokó kae fakafoki pē ki he Tuʻí ke ne fakalele ʻa e puleʻangá.
ʻOku tōmui foki ʻa e fakalakalaká mo e maʻuʻanga moʻui ʻa e Kakai ʻo e fonuá mo e puleʻangá koeʻuhī ko e taimi lahi he taʻu e 30 ne toki hilí, ʻa ia naʻe fakatatali o fika 2 mo 3 e ngaahi ngāue ko iá kae fakamuʻomuʻa hake ʻa e fiemaʻu ʻa e kau politikalé. ʻE tuku kotoa ia kae toe foki ki he masivesivá he ʻe moʻua pē e taimi ia ʻo e Kau Takí he kē Fakapolitikalé kae tuku e Fakalakalaká ia?
Ko e fatu puleʻangá foki mo e fatu fonua Temokalatí ʻoku tātānaki ʻa e ngaahi fakaleleí ʻi ha founga mo ha taimi ʻe malava lelei ʻe he Kakai ʻo e fonuá ʻo ngāueʻaki, ka ʻoku ʻikai ko ha taumuʻa pē ki he lelei ʻa kinautolu ʻoku mata moʻui mo maʻumoʻui ʻi he meʻa fakapolitikalé ha niʻihi tokosiʻi. Ko e ʻilo motuʻa ia hangē ko e lau ʻa Alexandre De Toqueville—ʻoku fatu e puleʻangá ke patonu mo e nofo ʻa e Kakaí, ka ʻoku ʻikai ke fatu e Kakaí ke patonu ki he puleʻangá he ʻoku ui ia ko e fakaehaua.
Ko e ʻosi ʻa e ʻahó, ko e ngaahi liliu fakatemokalatí ʻoku taumuʻá ke maʻu ha lelei ai ʻa e Kakaí mo e Fonuá. Kapau ko ha fai pē ki ha feinga manakoa pe feinga ongoongo ʻa ha niʻihi tokosiʻi, pe fiemaʻu mafai, pe mānumanu faingamālie mo paʻanga, pea ʻoku fakapotopoto ange pē ke toe tuku.
ʻOku mahino foki ʻoku fihia e kaveinga ʻo e sisitemi fakapolitikalé ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e politiki angamaheni. Pea ʻe faingataʻa ai ke fakahaohao ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ni ia ai.
MEʻA NI ʻIKAI HA TOE FAKALELEI KI HE FALE ALEA?
Fuʻu tokosiʻi ʻa e Fale Aleá
ʻI he hoko atu ʻetau ʻanalaisó, ʻoku mahino mai ʻoku ʻi ai pē ʻa e fiemaʻu ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e Fale Aleá, kae pehē ki he fiemaʻu ke māʻopoʻopoange honau fatongia mo ngeia takitaha.
Fakatatau ki he fakatotolo ʻa e Independent, ʻoku mahino ʻoku fuʻu tokosiʻi ʻa e Fale Aleá fakatatau ki hotau tokolahí mo ʻetau tuʻunga fakalakalaká. Ko e ʻuhinga e tokosiʻi pehē ʻa e Fale Aleá he naʻe tuʻutuʻuniʻi tuʻungaʻa pē ia ʻe he kau vili liliu fakapolitikalé lolotonga hono tālangaʻi fakafonuá. Koeʻuhī naʻa nau moʻua pē foki he politiki fakafoʻituituí, naʻa nau tukuakiʻi kovi ha feinga ʻa ha taha ke lelei honau vāhengá.
Naʻe tuʻutuʻuniʻi ke ʻoua toe laka he toko 30 ʻa e Fale Aleá ke fakangatangata e fakamolé. ʻOku lava nai o fakamahuʻingaʻi fakapaʻanga ʻa e totonu mo e ngeia ʻo e Houʻeiki mo e Kakai ʻo e Fonuá.
Kae fakatatau ki he ʻanalaiso ʻa e Independent, ko e tokolahi totonu ʻo e Fale Aleá ke ofi pe laka siʻi ʻi he toko 51. ʻA ia ko e fāliunga ua hono fakamolé. Ko e fakalahi ʻaki ha toko 25 e Fale Aleá ʻe toe napangapanga mālieange e Falé. Heʻikai ke toe fuʻu hiki fēfē ʻa e fakamole ia ʻa e fonuá, he kuo ʻosi ʻova he pilioná ʻa e Patiseti ʻa e puleʻangá.
Ko e tokotokolahi lelei ange ʻa e Fale Aleá, ko e siʻisiʻi ange ia ʻa e fakaaoao ʻa ha tokotaha pe kulupu, he ko e taumuʻa ia ʻo e teke temokalatí ke ʻoua e faituʻutuʻuni pe monuʻia fakafoʻituitui ha niʻihi tokosiʻi. Siʻisiʻi ange ia ʻa e politiki tausino fakafoʻituituí pea maauange ai e Falé. Siʻi ange fakaponé mo e faihalá he ʻe lahiange faingamālie ʻe ʻi ai e niʻihi ʻoku nau tauʻatāina ke nau leaʻi mo ʻohake ke ʻilo ʻe he kakai ʻo e fonuá.
Ko e tokosiʻi ange ʻa e Fale Aleá, ko e lahiange ia e faingamālie pea faingofua ke pulaipiʻi e kiʻi tokosiʻi ko iá ke nau fakaongo ki he tokotaha ko iá pe puleʻangá.
ʻE fiemaʻu ha tokolahi ʻo e Fale Aleá ʻe mālō pē malava ʻe he Fonuá ʻo fakapaʻanga, koeʻuhī he ʻe ʻikai ha sino ʻo ha tokotaha pe ko e puleʻangá (pe ha taha ʻi tuʻa Fale Alea) ʻo pulaipi kotoa e fuʻu Fale ke maʻu ʻene fiemaʻu fakafoʻituituí.
ʻIkai Mahino e Fatongia ʻo e kau Mēmipá
ʻOku fokotuʻutuʻu pē foki e kau faʻu palaní ia ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho ní, kae ʻikai ke sio ki he reality ʻo e kahaʻú mo ʻapongipongi.
Kuo pau ke ʻi ai e taimi ʻe fakamahino ai e ngafa mo e fatongia ʻo e Mēmipa Fale Aleá. Pea ko e fatongia ko iá ʻe makatuʻunga ia ʻi he founga ʻene hū ki he Fale Aleá.
ʻUluakí, ʻoku mahuʻinga ke fakamuʻomuʻa ʻa e Fetaliuiʻaki ʻo e Mafaí (Checks and Balances). Pea koeʻuhī ʻoku fekauʻaki eni mo e Tangatá mo e Mafaí, ʻoku ʻikai ke ngata pē ʻi he Fetaliuiʻaki ʻa e Kapineti (Executive), Fale Faʻu Lao (Legislature), pea mo e Fakamaauʻangá (Judicary). ʻOku fiemaʻu foki ʻa e Falé ia ke ne lava ʻo Check pē ʻe ia ia. ʻA ia ʻoku Loki (Chamber) ʻe 2 kae kei Fale pē ʻe taha, hangē pē ko e Mafu ʻo e Tangatá, ʻoku ongo chamber lalahi ʻe ua ʻokú ne pamu e totó ki he toenga e sinó.
Ko ia ai, ʻoku taipe ʻe 2 ʻa e kau mēmipa Faʻu Laó (Legislators): ʻA ia ko e ʻEiki pe Tangataʻeiki (Lords or Senators), pe ko e Fakafofonga (Representatives). Pea ʻoku malava pē ke fakanofonofo ke Loki ua (Bi-cameral). ʻA ia ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e House of Lords/Senate ʻoku ʻi ai e Houʻeikí mo e kau Tangataʻeikí pea fakaʻeiʻeiki e haʻofanga ko iá, pea loki kehe ki he kau Fakafofongá (House of Representatives/House of Commons) pea ʻoku kiʻi tauʻatāina mo faʻiteliha ange e femeaʻakí ai.
Ko Tonga ni ʻoku lolotonga Loki Taha (Uni-cameral), ka ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ʻuhinga makatuʻu ia ki ai. Ka ko e Kōmiti Kakató ko e vēsoni ia ʻokú ne fetongi ʻa e House of Commons/Representatives kae fakaʻeiʻeiki e Fale Alea lahi.
Ko e Fakafofonga ʻo e Kakaí ʻoku nofo honau fatongiá ki he ʻekonōmiká mo e fakalele ʻo e puleʻangá ʻi he ngaahi pole fakataimi nounouange, kae nofo e Houʻeikí ki he Tuʻuloa mo e ngaahi kaveinga taimi lōloa ange.
ʻA ia kapau ʻe fakalahi ʻa e tokolahi e Fale Aleá ki he nimangofulu pe onongofulu, pea ko e taimi totonu ia ke fakanofonofo ai ʻa e Falé ki he founga ʻoku fakamāmani lahi.
Kuo aʻu e patiseti fakafonua ʻo 1 piliona pea laka e tokolahi e kau Tongá i māmani ʻi he toko 4-kilu. Kuo ʻosi lahi feʻunga pē e fonuá ke ne fuesia ʻa e ngaahi fakamole ko iá, ka ʻoku fiemaʻu ke ngaholo ange pea leleiange ʻa e tataki fakalūkufua ʻe he Falé ʻa e fonuá.
Kapau ʻe fakalahi ʻa e Fale Aleá ʻaki ʻa e toko 25 hangē ko e fiemaʻu ke 51, pea ʻoku malava pē ke fakalava hono tukuange e ongo Loki ʻo e Falé ke malava ʻo toe patonu ange ʻenau fakahoko fatongiá. ʻE lava ke tānaki ha toko 11 ki he Houʻeikí ke nau 20 pea hoko ko e Senato (pe Chamber of Lords) pea fili ʻe he Kakaí ia e toko 11 foʻou ko iá. Ko e 14 ko ee ʻe tānaki ki he ngaahi vāhenga kuo kamata ke fuʻu tokolahi honau kakaí ʻo ʻohake e Chamber of Representatives.
ʻE toki hū mai leva e ngaahi fakalelei ʻo e Tohi Tangí ke fokotuʻu ʻe he Chamber of Representatives ʻa e Palēmiá mei ha Mēmipa mei he ongo Chamber. ʻE lava ke ʻohake eni o fakaʻilongaʻi ha poupou pe fakaʻikaiʻi eni ʻe he Senato/Lords Chamber, pea toki ʻave ki he ʻEne ʻAfió ke ne fakanofo. ʻI heʻene peheé, ʻoku toe maʻalaʻala ange ʻa e halanga mo e ikuʻanga ʻo e fokotuʻú, pea ʻilo e ngaahi fatongiá. Ka ʻikai, ʻe kei hokohoko atu pē ʻa e fekeʻikeʻi tausino (personality politics) ʻoku tau fihia ai he taimi ní. Pea faingataʻa e ʻunu fakalelei ki muʻá. Pea ka hokohoko atu e founga ko iá, pea ʻe moʻoni e Tohi Tangi 2, ke fakafoki pē aa ki he Tama Tuʻí ke muʻa ʻai e māʻopoʻopó kae toki ʻai e fakapotó